{"id":50990,"date":"2025-09-05T17:05:26","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T21:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/?p=50990"},"modified":"2025-10-10T13:51:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T17:51:27","slug":"illuminating-the-brain-the-vielight-neuros-energy-footprint-full-transcranial-intranasal-footprint","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/blog\/illuminating-the-brain-the-vielight-neuros-energy-footprint-full-transcranial-intranasal-footprint\/","title":{"rendered":"Illuminating the Brain | The Vielight Neuro\u2019s Energy Footprint | Full Transcranial-Intranasal Footprint"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2>What \u201cenergy footprint\u201d means<\/h2>\n<p>When light energy enters the head through a single point, it doesn\u2019t stay as a tiny dot. As it passes through skin, skull, the fluid around the brain (CSF), and cortex, <strong>multiple scattering events<\/strong> spread and redirect the beam. The resulting <strong>energy footprint<\/strong> is <strong>broad, overlapping fields<\/strong> of light fluence.<\/p>\n<p>The Vielight Neuro 4\u2019s geometry is engineered to <strong>intentionally overlap these broadened fields<\/strong> over <strong>Default Mode Network<\/strong> (DMN) nodes with the <a class=\"article-editor-link article-editor-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pbmfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/PBM_Testing_CaseStudy_1-1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">highest independently measured irradiance<\/a> in commercially available brain photobiomodulation devices, while still bathing the <strong>wider cortex<\/strong>. This is why <strong>five VieLED modules<\/strong> can produce an effect that is effectively <strong>full\u2011transcranial<\/strong>, with a focus on the DMN.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Plain\u2011English summary:<\/strong> Five specialized LEDs \u2260 five dots. Physics turns five dots into five large, overlapping halos that cover the cortex, with positioning that accentuates DMN hubs.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The Vielight Neuro Pro 2, with twelve higher-powered<strong> VieLED modules,<\/strong> produces an even stronger intensity with the ability to target more networks individually for precision-based photobiomodulation.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:1920px;--awb-max-height:1080px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><lite-youtube videoid=\"Nn_KrDqh2nU\" class=\"landscape\" params=\"wmode=transparent&autoplay=1&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player 1\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-thumbnail-size=\"auto\" data-no-cookie=\"off\"><\/lite-youtube><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2>Why Five Vie-LEDs provide full Transcranial Coverage<\/h2>\n<p>A CMOS-based camera was used to detect and translate 810nm (invisible to the human eye) fluence through a human skull.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 1100px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-50990-1\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" autoplay preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Neuro-4-Calvaria.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Neuro-4-Calvaria.mp4\">https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Neuro-4-Calvaria.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n1) Skull scattering amplifies coverage.<\/strong> The skull\u2019s (bone) <strong>mineralized matrix<\/strong> is highly <strong>uneven<\/strong>. Incoming photons undergo <strong>Mie\u2011dominant scattering<\/strong>, so a narrow beam entering bone <strong>emerges as a wide-spread halo<\/strong>\u00a0with a concentration on contact points.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2) Skin\/scalp. <\/strong>The scalp consists of collagen fibers, fat, and small blood vessels\u2014each of these components absorb, scatter and refract light energy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) scatters photons.<\/strong> The liquid which the brain floats in, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) also scatters light energy, helping spread light energy sideways, so it fans out over the tops of the brain\u2019s folds and into nearby areas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) Overlapping light halos \u2192 whole\u2011cortex coverage.<\/strong> The Vielight Neuro 4\u2019s VieLEDs are <strong>strategically positioned<\/strong> so their broadened halos overlap across the brain. The result is <strong>full coverage<\/strong> but with a focus on the <b>Default Mode Network (DMN)<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.8%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.8%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-1\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\" style=\"border-radius:10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1229\" height=\"1280\" title=\"DMN 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/DMN-1.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-32115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/DMN-1-200x208.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/DMN-1-400x417.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/DMN-1-600x625.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/DMN-1-800x833.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/DMN-1-1200x1250.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/DMN-1.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><h2 class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">DMN 1<\/h2><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Figure 1: The DMN in cerebral brain scans in different mental states.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h2>DMN\u2011Focused Geometry (With full transcranial PBM)<\/h2>\n<p>A dysfunctional Default Mode Network is linked with psychiatric problems like Alzheimer&#8217;s, Parkinson&#8217;s, etc. <strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"38\">In traumatic brain injuries (TBI), the DMN is often disrupted<\/strong>\u2014its connections can become weaker or noisy, and the brain struggles to <strong data-start=\"110\" data-end=\"160\" data-is-only-node=\"\">switch off the DMN and switch on task networks<\/strong>, which maps to brain-fog, slowed thinking, fatigue, and problems with attention and memory. Which is why improving functional connectivity of the DMN is so important in research.<\/p>\n<p>For creativity, the DMN supplies the raw material\u2014spontaneous associations, memory recombination, daydreaming\u2014while the salience and executive networks pick, refine, and test those ideas; the healthiest pattern isn\u2019t a constantly high DMN, but <strong data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"650\" data-is-only-node=\"\">flexible switching<\/strong> between DMN and task networks, which predicts better divergent thinking and creative output.<\/p>\n<p>The Vielight Neuro 4\u2019s layout <strong>concentrates on these hubs<\/strong> so the diffuse halos <strong>focus<\/strong>\u00a0where the DMN nodes reside, while still <strong>spreading<\/strong> energy into frontal, temporal, and lateral parietal cortices. This <strong>DMN\u2011weighted<\/strong> strategy aligns with the Neuro 4\u2019s intent to support <strong>large\u2011scale network dynamics<\/strong> while maintaining <strong>whole\u2011brain coverage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Bottom line:<\/strong> It may look like \u201cjust five super powerful LEDs,\u201d but their <strong>collective energy footprint<\/strong> blankets the cortex and <strong>leans into the DMN<\/strong> where hubs are densest.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#444444;border-color:#444444;border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><hr \/>\n<div style=\"width: 1100px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-50990-2\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" autoplay preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Neuro-Pro-2.mp4?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Neuro-Pro-2.mp4\">https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Neuro-Pro-2.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h2>The Neuro Pro 2: Higher Intensity &amp; Programmable Network Targeting<\/h2>\n<p>The Vielight <strong>Neuro Pro\u00a02<\/strong> extends the principles described above by combining 12 VieLED modules with <strong>higher\u2011intensity output<\/strong> with <strong>module\u2011level control<\/strong> to realize stronger<strong>\u00a0full\u2011transcranial PBM<\/strong> with <strong>network\u2011specific emphasis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Higher irradiance &amp; total power:<\/strong> Twelve patented VieLEDs provide <strong>the highest surface irradiance in the industry, <\/strong>creating ample headroom for <strong>dense hair<\/strong>, <strong>thicker calvaria <\/strong>while preserving safety via app\u2011controlled duty cycles and session timing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>12 programmable, flexible modules:<\/strong> Independently <strong>activate, sequence, and synchronize<\/strong> modules to target <strong>any cortical territory<\/strong> or <strong>all\u2011network coverage<\/strong>. Patterns can be designed to <strong>stack energy<\/strong> over selected <strong>large\u2011scale networks<\/strong> (e.g., <strong>DMN<\/strong>, <strong>dorsal attention<\/strong>, <strong>salience<\/strong>, <strong>frontoparietal<\/strong>, <strong>sensorimotor<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Personalized &amp; automated neuromodulation:<\/strong> The Neuro Pro app supports <strong>guided presets<\/strong> as well as <strong>deep manual control<\/strong> (e.g., frequency selection, phase relationships, duty cycle, cross\u2011frequency coupling). These capabilities enable <strong>personalized protocols<\/strong> and can be orchestrated into <strong>automated, AI\u2011assisted workflows<\/strong> for <strong>network\u2011specific neuromodulation<\/strong> and repeatable routines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Full\u2011brain continuity with intranasal channel:<\/strong> Superior to the Neuro 4, the Neuro Pro 2 integrates two <strong>intranasal pathways<\/strong> to leverage the <strong>porous, thin cribriform plate<\/strong> to reach <strong>ventral <\/strong>brain structures<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>TL;DR:<\/strong> The Neuro Pro 2 keeps the <strong>full\u2011transcranial, network\u2011aware energy footprint<\/strong> concept and adds <strong>more power<\/strong> and <strong>programmable control<\/strong> so you can shape <strong>where, when, and how<\/strong> energy is delivered across brain networks.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><div style=\"width: 1100px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-50990-3\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Intranasal.mp4?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Intranasal.mp4\">https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Vielight-Neuro-Energy-Footprint-Demonstration-Intranasal.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h2>The Intranasal Channel: Reaching Ventral Brain Structures<\/h2>\n<p>Transcranial delivery is complemented by an <strong>intranasal module<\/strong>. Here, the <strong>cribriform plate &#8211; <\/strong>the thinnest, <strong>porous<\/strong> portion of the skull, which connects the olfactory bulb with the olfactory nerves<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>creates a <strong>naturally porous, short optical path<\/strong> to <strong>ventral frontal<\/strong> territories at the brain\u2019s base, easily enabling light energy to pass through. This <strong>underside access<\/strong> helps address <strong>deep\/ventral targets<\/strong> that are <strong>inaccessible<\/strong> transcranially.<\/p>\n<p>Transcranial (tPBM) + Intranasal (iPBM) brain photobiomodulation = <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/gJVuilCv_8M?si=zjoNIyhLM2ECCyLX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Intranasal-transcranial PBM (itPBM)<\/a> and is unique to Vielight.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\" style=\"border-radius:10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1254\" height=\"648\" title=\"Cribriform-plate-intranasal\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cribriform-plate-intranasal.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-49462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cribriform-plate-intranasal-200x103.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cribriform-plate-intranasal-400x207.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cribriform-plate-intranasal-600x310.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cribriform-plate-intranasal-800x413.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cribriform-plate-intranasal-1200x620.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cribriform-plate-intranasal.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h3>Pathway to the Olfactory Bulb and vmPFC<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>olfactory bulbs<\/strong> sit just above the nasal cavity on the <strong>thin, perforated cribriform plate<\/strong>. Positioning the intranasal emitter near the nasal roof creates a <strong>short path<\/strong> to the bulbs and along the <strong>olfactory tracts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Just behind and above this region lies the <strong>ventromedial\/orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex<\/strong> on the underside of the frontal lobes, so the intranasal route offers a <strong>practical doorway toward ventral frontal areas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, it <strong>complements transcranial delivery<\/strong>\u2014providing dorsal\u2011to\u2011ventral continuity with <strong>Neuro\u00a04<\/strong>, and higher\u2011intensity, programmable timing with <strong>Neuro Pro\u00a02<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Takeaway:<\/strong> The intranasal channel is not a side feature\u2014it is a <strong>purpose\u2011built optical route<\/strong> through the <strong>porous, thin cribriform plate<\/strong> to reach the <strong>olfactory bulbs<\/strong> and <strong>ventral\/medial prefrontal cortex<\/strong>, completing Neuro\u00a04\/Pro\u00a02\u2019s <strong>full\u2011brain energy footprint<\/strong> from the <strong>underside<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Seeing is Believing: CMOS Smartphone Photonic Detection<\/h2>\n<p>To make the diffusion concept visible, we ran <strong>simple visual experiments<\/strong> using a <strong>CMOS smartphone camera<\/strong> and a <strong>real human calvaria<\/strong> (see video below):<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Setup:<\/strong> The Vielight Neuro 4 and Vielight Neuro Pro 2 are positioned below a real human skull&#8217;s calvaria, which rests on top of it. A smartphone camera, sensitive enough to detect relative near\u2011infrared light despite typical IR filtering &#8211; captured <strong>trans\u2011bone light patterns<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Observation:<\/strong> Each VieLED produces a vibrant<strong>, wide intensity field<\/strong>, not a narrow spot. Overlapping fields were evident as <strong>brighter, blended regions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpretation:<\/strong> The <strong>relative intensity maps<\/strong> match expectations from <strong>multiple scattering<\/strong> and <strong>interface redirection<\/strong> across bone, meningeal, and CSF boundaries.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>What this is and isn\u2019t:<\/strong> The smartphone method is a <strong>qualitative, relative visualization &#8211; <\/strong>useful for <strong>pattern\u2011tracking and comparative intensity<\/strong> across positions. It is <strong>not<\/strong> a calibrated dosimetry system and <strong>doesn\u2019t replace<\/strong> formal optical modeling or in\u2011tissue fluence measurements.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:1920px;--awb-max-height:1080px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><lite-youtube videoid=\"Onm07-EPCkw\" class=\"landscape\" params=\"wmode=transparent&autoplay=1&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player 2\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-thumbnail-size=\"auto\" data-no-cookie=\"off\"><\/lite-youtube><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><div contenteditable=\"false\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h2>A Quick Tour of the Physics (In Brief)<\/h2>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Scalp &amp; skull:<\/strong> High <strong>reduced scattering<\/strong> and modest absorption broaden and attenuate incident beams, creating <strong>diffuse halos<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dura\/arachnoid\/CSF:<\/strong> While <strong>CSF<\/strong> is comparatively low\u2011scattering, <strong>interfaces<\/strong> and <strong>surface irregularities<\/strong> (arachnoid, trabeculae, sulcal geometry) <strong>redirect and redistribute<\/strong> light, aiding lateral spread across adjacent gyri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gray matter:<\/strong> Additional <strong>forward\u2011biased scattering<\/strong> continues to <strong>smooth and widen<\/strong> the footprint within cortex.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Together, these layers transform point\u2011like sources into <strong>distributed fields<\/strong> that can be <strong>stacked<\/strong> where we want emphasis (e.g., <strong>DMN hubs<\/strong>) while maintaining <strong>broad coverage<\/strong> elsewhere.<\/p>\n<div contenteditable=\"false\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Limitations &amp; Next Steps<\/h2>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Qualitative visualization:<\/strong> CMOS camera capture provides <strong>relative<\/strong> intensity, influenced by sensor IR filtering and auto\u2011exposure. Future work can add <strong>spectral characterization<\/strong> and <strong>fixed\u2011exposure protocols<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Heterogeneity:<\/strong> Skull thickness, diplo\u00eb content, sinus cavities, and CSF thickness <strong>vary across individuals<\/strong>, subtly reshaping footprints. Ongoing <strong>Monte Carlo modeling<\/strong> and <strong>in\u2011vivo NIRS\/NIRI<\/strong> can refine priors.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dosimetry bridge:<\/strong> Linking <strong>surface power<\/strong>, <strong>fluence rate<\/strong> at depth, and <strong>biologic response<\/strong> remains an active engineering task. Calibrated phantoms and paired imaging can tighten these relationships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><div contenteditable=\"false\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>The Vielight Neuro VieLED<strong>\u00a0architecture<\/strong> is <strong>deceptively simple<\/strong>: by <strong>leveraging tissue optics<\/strong>, it yields an <strong>effectively full\u2011transcranial energy footprint<\/strong> with a <strong>purposeful DMN bias<\/strong>. The <strong>intranasal channel<\/strong> completes the map by accessing <strong>ventral forebrain<\/strong> across the <strong>porous cribriform plate<\/strong>, creating a <strong>complementary dorsal\u2011to\u2011ventral pathway<\/strong>. The calvaria\u2011based visualizations make the physics <strong>tangible<\/strong>\u2014five LEDs, <strong>one brain\u2011wide footprint<\/strong>, with <strong>DMN\u2011centered emphasis<\/strong> by design.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50999,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"bwfblock_default_font":"","inline_featured_image":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2998,3112,2741,3014,475,1031],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-energy-footprint","category-intranasal-photobiomodulation","category-neurotechnology","category-photobiomodulation","category-transcranial-photobiomodulation"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50990"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50990\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50999"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vielight.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}